Keszaria

History

The formation of the Kingdom of Keszaria

Around 1100 BCE, the Keszarian tribes established themselves in the Këszaros valley, after crossing the Vostic region led by Köszö, the military leader who united them under his leadership. In 1088 BCE, the coastal town of Vízdél, considered the oldest Këszarian city, was founded on the seashore of the Pythian sea. They expanded quickly in the nearby regions, but after being defeated by the Mahkal Kingdom of Assaria in 780 BCE, they would be subdued by several empires which controlled the area.

The Këszarian lands would not be granted some autonomy until the 10th century, when the Lanlanian Kingdom created the Grand-Duchy of Këszland. A century later, in 1121, the Kingdom of Këszaria would be created, giving birth to modern Keszaria. An unitary absolute monarchy would be estabished with Asvald Gyderelking, a Lanlanian noble, as first king. The Gyderelking dinasty would rule the Kingdom until 1529

Civil War and Keszarian revolution

The last ruler of the Gyderelking dinasty, Gunvald II, would die in 1526, without descendency. Kálmán von Puskás, a Keszarian noble, would be appointed as Regent, but his choice divided the country. Political struggles, calls for political reforms, and a financial crisis followed by bad harvest, led the country to a general unrest. Strikes increased among low-paid factory workers, and the peasants, who wanted land reforms, were restless. After a mutiny by sailors in Vintyr 1529, the government lost control of several cities, and the Keszarian civil war (1529-1534) started.

The Keszarian Communist Party became highly popular and took control of the situation in many regions of the country. In early 1531, the People's Republic of Keszaria was proclaimed in Vízdél. The monarchist system would be completely overthrown in late 1533, and the People's Revolutionary would defeat the traditionalist forces led by General Jedlik in the city of Könújváros on Marth 1534, ending officially the civil war. Elections for a Supreme Revolutionary Council were called, which would be won by the Communist Party by a landslide in Septem 1534. Two months later, a new constitution will be approved the Supreme Revolutionary Council, establishing a communist regime in all the country.

Ferenc Négyesy, General Secretary of the Keszarian Communist Party, and Chairman of the People's Government of Vízdél since Marth 1531, would be announced as Premier of the People's Republic of Keszaria. Négyesy would nationalize banks and private companies, introduce a central planning economy, and persecute the remaining political opposition, establishing a communist regime following the teachings of Vladmir Perov.

Carpathian-Keszarian War

In 1539, a skirmirsh along the Carpathian-Keszarian border turned into a military conflict between both countries. On Dein, Carpathia launched a large offensive, which by late Vintyr threathened to reach and take Vízdél, while the Carpathian army already occupied most of northwestern Keszaria by early 1340. The Keszarian Army was able to launch a counter-offensive, which pushed the Carpathian forces almost back to the initial border. After a new Carpathian offensive, the front stabilized, but with huge casualties in both sides.

The war collapsed Keszarian economy, and increased political tensions inside the regime, so the Keszaria government was forced to enter in peace negotiations in 1542, known as the Treaty of Chisinau, in exchange of territorial loses, including the third largest town of the country -renamed later as Chisinau by the Carpathian regime- and the largest Keszarian island on the Pythian Sea.

The war had important consequences for the Keszaria, as destabilized the regime and sank the national economy into a long depression. Keszaria wouldn't be able recover the GDP per capita of 1538 until the late 1550s.

Fall of Communism and transition toward democracy

Négyesy, however, would be killed in 1544 by a far-right student, and István Lanczos, Minister of Foreign Affairs, would replace Négyesy as head of state. Several months later, during the XIX Congress of the Keszarian Communist Party, a group of communist reformers questioned Lanczos leadership, and asked for some political reforms. Lanczos would replied with unpredecented purge of his political rivals, both real and imagined, which led to more than 100,000 executions between 1544 and 1547. The military leadership, concerned that the purges could affect soon the Armed Forces as well, organized a coup d'etat which deposed Lanczos in Nueva 1547. István Lanczos would be executed, following a secret trial on Nueva 14, and a military leadership was established.

The new leadership, headed by General Eugene Szilárd and Admiral Zoltán Bolyai started some reforms, abandoning central planning and allowing criticism of the government in the press. Their reforms, however, resulted in an increasing of prices and a decline of the national economy. In early 1554, they would be replaced by General Zsoltán Báthory, then Minister of Defense, in an internal coup. Báthory promised political reforms and started a program of economic liberalization. Báthory also officially dissolved the Këszarian Communist Party in late 1556, which increased his power and allowed faster reforms. The constitution was ammended a year later, allowing the path toward a multi-party political system.

Under Báthory reforms of 1557, the country was officially renamed as Keszarian Republic, and a presidential system with a bicameral parliament was established. Elections will be called for the next year. The Social Democratic Party, created by Báthory's supporters, won the first legislative elections, but failed to obtain an absolute majority. Báthory would run in the first presidential elections on Alvan 1559, but he would be defeated in the second round by Árpad Ormandy, the candidate of the conservative Messanic Democratic Party, by a small margin. In the following elections of the Senate (1559) and National Assembly (1562), the Messanic Democratic Party obtained a landslide majority, and communism became in Keszaria a vestige of the past.