Radical Akhadism

Radical Akhadism is a controversial concept whose meaning has been debated in both media and academic scholars. The term can refer to diverse forms of social and political activism advocating that public and political life should be guided by Akhadic principles, or more specifically to movements which call to full implementation of Zokuk or Akhadic religious law. It is commonly used interchangeably with ther terms Political Akhadism, Akhadic anti-modernism, or Akhadic fundamentalism. In recent media usage the term tends to refer to groups who aim to establish a Zokuk-based Akhadic state, often with implications of violent tactics and human rights violations, and has acquired connotations of political extremism, specially since the Florinthian Swan massace of 1572 or the Akhadist State of Wadiyah.

Radical Akhadists may emphasize the implementation of Zokuk (Akhadic religious law), pan-Akhadic political unity, usually through an Akhadic state; or selective removal of non-Akhadic economic, political, social, or cultural influences in Akhadic countries that they believe to be incompatible with Akhadism. Different currents of Akhadic thought have advocated either a reformist strategy of religious renewal through institutional reform or a revolutionary strategy through exercise of state power and violence. Radical Akhadists rarely use that term to refer themselves, however, rather using the term "Akhadic movement" or "Akhadic reform".

Central and prominent figures of Radical Akhadism include Bal-Jawadi, Sadik Namir, Ishaq Tynay, Basam Qazwini, Ilsat Amerhanur, Irek Mameshur, Makhur Izkhan, Shatluk Ildasur, Septar Bekur, or Kamran Akçam. Some Radical Akhadist thinkers emphasize peaceful political processes, whereas others call for violence and even, in some cases, terrorist militancy.

History of the term: Akhadic versus Akhadist

The term "Radical Akhadism" is of recent coinage. It is believed the first one to use it was Arberian scholar and political Enver Moxhep, to refer pejoratively to the political movement and events which would lead to the creation of the Akhadic Republic of A'Sir. The use of the term "Akhadist" (without the adjective radical) was a first "a marker for scholars more likely to sympathize with new Akhadic movements which appeared in the early 15th century.

Although in most non-Akhadic countries the terms Akhadic and Akhadist are used interchangeably as synonyms, in Near East languages such Askhed, Kyrzbek or Rojadavi those are different terms (Akhadi and Akhadançi; Akhadak and Akhadik; and Akhadî and Akhadaşîs, respectively), used in different context, unterstood the former as "relative or related to Akhadism or Akhadic faith", while the latter is understood as "someone who belongs to a politial party or movement that favors reordering government and society in accordance to Zokuk or Akhadic religious law".

Divisions

Radical Akhadism takes different forms and spans a wide range of strategies and tactics towards the political powers and groups in each place and thus is not an united movement.

Moderate and reformist Radical Akhadists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Kyrzbekistan Kyrzbek National Front or the Rohilatî Movement in New Galasia. Akhadist groups such as the "Partiya Sosyal Yekbûyî in New Galasia participate in the democratic and political process as well as military struggle. Radical Akhadist organizations such as Dakh-Sumakh, Bal-Zurmakh, Ut-Konçareq, Tönyaq Bal-Mokatdezh in Kyrzbekistan; Leḉkerên-Akhadi in New Galasia; or Inançe Bal-Birlik, entirely reject democracy, as well as calling and conducting terror attacks.

Many of those groups belong to the Zokukyar denomination, although there are also political organizations based in Bakh'a Akhadism which advocate for political violence or armed struggle, such as the Nûwetî Movement in New Galasia.

Political Akhadism

Some political movements and organizations, such as the Akhadic Society openly reject the term "Radical Akhadism", and rather use the term "Political Akhadism". In its 1576 charter, the Akhadic Society proclaims as its main goal "the political reform and building Akhadic institutions" rather than the enforcement of a non-democratic theocratic state through violent means.

There are some political parties, such as the Akhadic Democratic Party or the Religious Reformist Movement (both leading members of the Conservative Reform Coalition in Kyrzbekistan), with a clearly ultra-conservative and Akhadic orientation, but which can be hardly defined as "Radical Akhadist" for their ideological adherence to rule of law and a more moderate approach on Zokuk compared to even non-violent Akhadist movements such as the Akhadic Society.

As Akhadic countries start to develop places for political reform and electoral competition, Political Akhadism is likely to become increasingly interdependent with (either liberal or illiberal) democracy. While Akhadist political culture in itself may not be democratic, Akhadist movements need democratic elections to maintain their legitimacy. At the same time, their popularity is such that no government could call itself democratic if excludes moderate Radical Akhadist parties.

Influence

Radical or Political Akhadism is a rather modern and recent phenomenon, originated historically no more than a century ago, which has experienced a growth and spread influence in the Near East during the last decades. Political movements which aim to the implementation of the Akhadic doctrine in both state and society are considerably influencial or dominant in countries such as A'Sir, Wadiyah, eastern Kyrzbekistan, eastern New Galasia since 1579, and play a relatively important role in other Akhadic countries such as Khanid and Aricca.

Radical Akhadism is strongly opposed to secularism and non-Akhadic rule and, in some cases, liberal democracy and religious tolerance.

History

Akhadist State of Wadiyah (1573-1574)

Main Article: Wadyian Civil War

New Galasia

Main Article: Galasian Civil War

Parties and organizations

Listed below are parties and organizations which:

• aim for the implementation of Zokuk or a religious state;
• suscribe the to Akhadic faith;
• in some other way fulfil the definitions of Political Akhadism or Radical Akhadism;
• or have been widely described as such by others.

Country or scope	Movement/s
Worldwide	Akhadic Society
A'Sir	A very long list
Florinthus	Akhadic Florinthian League
Ga'bath
Khanid	Akhadic People's Party
Kyrzbekistan
Mordvania	Mordvanian Organization of Akhadic Belivers
New Galasia
Wadyiah	Akhadic Restoration Party
Zargistan	Geleneksel partisi (Traditionalist Party of Zargistan)

Akhadist terrorism

Akhadist terrorism, Akhadic terrorism, Radical Akhadic terrorism, or Radical Akhadist terrorism, is defined as any terrorist act, set of acts or campaign committed by groups or individuals who profess Akhadist or Radical Akhadist motivations or goals. Akhadist terrorists justify their violent tactics through interpreting the Setgvek and Zokuk according to their own goals and intentions.

Some Akhadic scholars claim that extremism within Akhadism goes back to the 1th century to the Ayazi, a Kyrzbek religious sect. The Ayazites were particularly noted for adopting a radical approach of holy war, whereby they declared other Akhadic believers to be unbelievers and therefore deemed them worthy of death. In more modern times, Radical Akhadist terrorism spread as part of military conflicts in Kyrzbekistan (1559-1567), Wadiyah (1573-1574), and New Galasia (1579). In recent decades, such incidents have occurred on a global scale, affecting not only Akhadic-majority states in Near East but also Florinthus or Carpathia. Such attacks have targeted Akhadic and non-Akhadic believers. In a number of the worst-affected Akhadic regions, these terrorists have been met by armed forces, state actors and their proxies, independent armed groups, and elsewhere by condemnation coming from prominent Akhadic figures and scholars.

See also

• Akhadism
• Wadyian Civil War
• Galasian Civil War